SPREAD SHEETS

Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet developed by Microsoft for Windows, mac OS, Android and i OS. It features calculation, graphing tools, pivot tables, and a macro programming language called Visual Basic for Applications. It has been a very widely applied spreadsheet for these platforms, especially since version 5 in 1993, and it has replaced Lotus 1-2-3 as the industry standard for spreadsheets.

ALSO

Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet program that helps you record, analyze, and calculate data. The power of Excel comes from its ability to eliminate repetitive calculations and automatically update data to reflect changes you’ve made. Excel also allows you to organize and present your data using a variety of graphs and charts.

Spreadsheets can be used for

·                     Budgeting

·                     Calculations

·                     Analyzing Data

           Statistical methods...

OPENING EXCEL

·         Click start button on the window task bar

·         Select programs on the menu

·         Click Microsoft office and then select Microsoft excel 2007

Excel opens and displays an empty workbook. Precisely what you see on the screen depends on the types of the monitor you are using.

EXCEL SCREEN

The first blank workbook displayed by EXCEL is called Book1. A new workbook usually has three worksheets labeled Sheet1, Sheet2 and Sheet3, but more can add if required. Only of an excel worksheet is visible on the screen at any one time. This is because of the restriction due to the size of the computer monitor.

The bulk of the screen displayed is made up with the worksheets which are divided into rows (with heading 1, 2, 3, 4 …..) and columns (with headings A, B, C… AA, AB… IV).Although you can not see them at the same time, there are 1,048,576 rows and 16,384 columns. This means that there are millions individual cells in one worksheet. However the number you can use at any time is limited by the amount of memory in the computer.

At the top of the Excel workspace is the title bar displaying Microsoft excel followed by the name of the current workbook

PARTS OF AN EXCEL SPREADSHEET

      i.        WORKBOOK: Each excel file is called a workbook; a workbook is the main document you use to store and work with data. It contain many sheets, and you can therefore organize various kinds of related information on certain topic on different sheets in a single file

    ii.        WORKSHEET: Each workbook contain worksheets, a worksheet consists of cells organized into columns and rows. It is also called spreadsheet

You will use worksheets to store and analyses data. You can enter and edit data on several worksheets at the same time and perform calculations based on data from multiple worksheets.

   iii.        CELL: Each worksheet contains cells, a cell is a combination of columns and rows

WORKSHEET OPERATIONS

Sometimes you may want to have more sheets than that available by default. More over, there are certain operations associated with sheets that you need to know.

Clicking any sheet tab with the right mouse button will display a shortcut menu

CELL REFERENCE

On the worksheet, the rectangular area where row and column intersect is known as a cell. Each cell has a reference identified by its column and row headings. For examples:

            A1 represents the cell in column A and row 1 

            F10 represents the cell in column F and row 10

The cell that is currently active, A1, has bold outline

ENTERING DATA

Data can be text or numeric. Text is defined as any combination of numbers and letters. Numeric entries are limited to numbers. Numbers can exist as independent values or as values derived from a formula (Calculated values).

ENTERING TEXT

Text will automatically align to the left in the cell. If the length of the text is greater than the width of the column, it will appear as if it were occupying adjacent cells.

To enter text

Basic Formulas on Microsoft Excel

It's important to note that all formulas must be preceded by the = sign. If the symbol is not found, Microsoft Excel will recognize the entry as plain text. 

Addition Formula

If you'd like to find the sum of your data data in rows A1 to A10 in your spreadsheet, you may do so by using the following formula: 

=SUM(A1: A10) 

If you are looking to add data in cells that are not juxtaposed, you may do so by simply typing=SUM and clicking directly on the cells you'd like to include. Make sure that the cells listed are surrounded by parenthesis (i.e. =SUM(A1, A3; C4)). 

Average Formula

If you'd like to find the average of your data in rows A1 to A10 in your spreadsheet, you may do so by using the following formula: 

=Average(A1: A10) 

Maximum and Minimum Formula

These two formulas may be used to find the maximum and minimum numbers of data points located in rows A1 to A10 in your spreadsheet: 

=Max(A1: A10) 
=MIN(A1: A10) 

The IF Function

The IF function may be used to apply a condition to your data. For example, if a manager would like to be notified when stock on a product reaches zero, he may use this function to program a custom notification to appear in an adjacent cell. This sort of formula would look like this: 

IF(A1 <= 0; "to order", "in stock") 

In this case, if the contents of cell A1 is less than or equal to zero, the words "to order" will appear in an adjacent cell. If the contents of cell A1 is greater than zero, the column will read "in stock." 

A more general IF function would look like this: 

= IF (condition; value "if true"; value "otherwise") 

Freeze Cells in Excel

Freezing cells allows you to keep an area of your worksheet visible when you scroll to another area of the page. It's important to note that you can only freeze rows at the top of your worksheet and columns on the left side of your worksheet. You cannot freeze rows and columns in the middle. 

To freeze specific tabs, head to the View tab. Here, you have the option to either Freeze Top Row or Freeze Top Column. Click either option to lock your cells in place. 

If you'd like to lock multiple rows, simply select the row below the last row you'd like to freeze and then head to the View tab > Freeze Panes. Note that all rows up to and including row one will be locked. 

To freeze multiple columns, highlight the column to the right of the last column that you'd like to freeze, and then head to the View tab > Freeze Panes. Note that all columns up to and including column A will be locked.

EXCEL ENVIRONMENT

  

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